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DWT based digital watermarking fidelity and robustness evaluation
Keywords:
digital watermarking, discrete wavelet transform, perceptual metricsAbstract
An Image Adaptive Watermarking method based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform is presented in this paper. The robustness and fidelity of the proposed method are evaluated and the method is compared to state-of-the-art watermarking techniques available in the literature. For the evaluation of watermark transparency, an image fidelity factor based on a perceptual distortion metric is introduced. On the other hand, a degradation factor is introduced for the evaluation of watermark robustness against JPEG compression and resizing. The new fidelity metric allows a perceptually aware objective quantification of image fidelity. The suitability of the proposed metric for the fidelity evaluation of still image watermarking is supported by simulation results.
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References
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[13] C. Podilchuk and W. Zeng. Image-adaptive watermarking using visual models. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 16(4):525–539, May 1998.
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[15] M. Swanson, B. Zhu, and A. Tewfilc. Transparent robust image watermarking. In Proceedings International Conference on Image Processing, volume 3, pages 211–214, 1996.
[16] Z. Wang, A.C. Bovik, H.R. Sheikh, and P.E. Simoncelli. Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 13(4):600–612, 2004.
[17] A. Watson, G. Yang, J. Solomon, and J. Villasenor. Visibility of wavelet quantization noise. 6(8):1164–1175, August 1997.
[18] S. Winkler. Digital Video Quality Vision Models and Metrics. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2005.
[19] X. Zhang and B. Wandell. Color image fidelity metrics evaluated using image distortion maps. Signal Processing, 70:201–214, 1998.
[20] Z. Zhang. A spatial extension to CIELAB for digital color image reproduction. Society for Information Display Symposium Technical Digest, 27:731–734, 1996.
[2] M. Barni and F. Bartolini. Watermarking Systems Engineering - Enabling Digital Assets and Other Applications. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 2004.
[3] M. Barni, F. Bartolini, and A. Piva. Improved wavelet-based watermarking through pixel-wise masking. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 10(5):783–791, May 2001.
[4] CIE: International Commission on Illumination. Recommendations on uniform color spaces, color difference equations, psychometrics color terms. Technical
Report CIE 15 (E.-1.3.1), Supplement No.2, Vienna, Austria, 1971.
[5] CIE: International Commission on Illumination. Industrial colour-difference evaluation. Technical Report CIE 116-95, Austria, 1995.
[6] I. Cox, J. Kilian, F. Leighton, and T. Shamoon. Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 6(12):1673–1687, December 1997.
[7] I. Cox, M. Miller, and J.Bloom. Digital Watermarking. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 2002.
[8] G. Langelaar, I. Setyawan, and R.Lagendijk. Watermarking digital image and video data. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 17(5):20–46, 2000.
[9] E. Marini, F. Autrusseau, P. Le Callet, and P. Campisi. Evaluation of standard watermarking techniques. In Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IX, Proc. of SPIE-IS & Electronic Imaging, volume 6505, pages 1–10, San Jose, CA, USA, 2007.
[10] F. Petitcolas. Watermarking schemes evaluation. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 17(5):58–64, September 2000.
[11] A. Piva, M. Barni, E Bartolini, and V. Cappellini. DCT-based watermark recovering without resorting to the uncorrupted original image. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing, volume 1, pages 520–523, 1997.
[12] C. Podilchuk and E. Delp. Digital watermarking: Algorithms and applications. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 18(4):33–46, July 2001.
[13] C. Podilchuk and W. Zeng. Image-adaptive watermarking using visual models. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 16(4):525–539, May 1998.
[14] A. Skodras, C. Christopouis, and T. Ebrahimi. The JPEG 2000 still image compression standard. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 18(5):36–58, Sept. 2001.
[15] M. Swanson, B. Zhu, and A. Tewfilc. Transparent robust image watermarking. In Proceedings International Conference on Image Processing, volume 3, pages 211–214, 1996.
[16] Z. Wang, A.C. Bovik, H.R. Sheikh, and P.E. Simoncelli. Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 13(4):600–612, 2004.
[17] A. Watson, G. Yang, J. Solomon, and J. Villasenor. Visibility of wavelet quantization noise. 6(8):1164–1175, August 1997.
[18] S. Winkler. Digital Video Quality Vision Models and Metrics. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2005.
[19] X. Zhang and B. Wandell. Color image fidelity metrics evaluated using image distortion maps. Signal Processing, 70:201–214, 1998.
[20] Z. Zhang. A spatial extension to CIELAB for digital color image reproduction. Society for Information Display Symposium Technical Digest, 27:731–734, 1996.
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Published
2008-04-01
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[1]
“DWT based digital watermarking fidelity and robustness evaluation”, JCS&T, vol. 8, no. 01, pp. p. 15–20, Apr. 2008, Accessed: Mar. 08, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://journal.info.unlp.edu.ar/JCST/article/view/763
