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Extracting contour lines from topographic maps based on cartography and graphics knowledge
Keywords:
Extraction, Contour line, Cartography, Graphics, Knowledge base, SymbolicAbstract
This paper addresses the problem of contour line extraction from scanned topographic maps in poor condition. A novel method is developed, using knowledge of cartography and graphics to extract contours by removing other layers which overlay the contours, and reconstructing the contour lines. The contributions of this paper are the supplementation of the use of knowledge discovery for extraction on the scanned topographic maps. Examples are presented from diverse applications to show that the developed algorithm can work effectively.
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References
[1] San, L.M., Yatim, S.M., Sheriff, N.A.M.,Extracting contour lines from scanned topographic maps. Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization 2004, pp.187- 192.
[2] Dori, D., Liu, W.Y.,Sparse pixel vectorization: An algorithm and its performance evaluation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Vol.21, No.3, pp.202-215.
[3]Song, J.Q., Su, F., Chen, J.B., Tai, C.L., Cai, S.J.,Line Net Global Vectorization: an Algorithm and Its Performance Evaluation. Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, South Carolina, vol. 1, 13-15 June, 2000, pp. 383-388.
[4]Kök, E.H.,Developing An Integrated System For Semi-Automated Segmentation of Remotely Sensed Imagery. MSc., Thesis, Geodetic and Geographic Information Technologies (GGIT), Middle East Technical University, Turkey, pp.146.
[5 ]Liu, R. Z., Huang, W. H., Tan, C. L.,Extraction of Vectorized Graphical Information from Scientific Chart Images. Proceedings of 2007 Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007), Vol. 1, 23-26 Sept, 2007, pp. 521-525.
[6] Spinello, S., Pascal, G., Contour line recognition from scanned topographic maps. Journal of WSCG, 12 (1-3), pp.419-426.
[7] Chen, Y., Wang, R. S., Qian, J., Extracting contour lines from common-conditioned topographic maps. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol.44, No.4, pp. 1048-1057.
[8] Eikvil, L., Aas, K., Koren, H.. Tools for interactive map conversion and vectorization. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, vol. 2, 1995, pp. 927-930.
[9] Khotanzad, A., Zink, E.,Contour line and geographic feature extraction from USGS color topographical paper maps. IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, Vol.25, No.1, pp. 18-31.
[10] Pouderoux, J., Spinello, S.,Global Contour Lines Reconstruction in Topographic Maps. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007) .Vol. 2, pp. 779-783.
[11] Chessel, A., Fablet, R., Cao, F., Kervrann, C., Orientation Interpolation and Applications. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 8-11 Oct. 2006 Atlanta, GA., pp. 1561-1564.
[12] Debora, G., Petia, R.,Extending anisotropic operators to recover smooth shapes. Computer Vision and Image Understanding archive,Vol. 99,No.1,pp.110-125.
[2] Dori, D., Liu, W.Y.,Sparse pixel vectorization: An algorithm and its performance evaluation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Vol.21, No.3, pp.202-215.
[3]Song, J.Q., Su, F., Chen, J.B., Tai, C.L., Cai, S.J.,Line Net Global Vectorization: an Algorithm and Its Performance Evaluation. Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, South Carolina, vol. 1, 13-15 June, 2000, pp. 383-388.
[4]Kök, E.H.,Developing An Integrated System For Semi-Automated Segmentation of Remotely Sensed Imagery. MSc., Thesis, Geodetic and Geographic Information Technologies (GGIT), Middle East Technical University, Turkey, pp.146.
[5 ]Liu, R. Z., Huang, W. H., Tan, C. L.,Extraction of Vectorized Graphical Information from Scientific Chart Images. Proceedings of 2007 Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007), Vol. 1, 23-26 Sept, 2007, pp. 521-525.
[6] Spinello, S., Pascal, G., Contour line recognition from scanned topographic maps. Journal of WSCG, 12 (1-3), pp.419-426.
[7] Chen, Y., Wang, R. S., Qian, J., Extracting contour lines from common-conditioned topographic maps. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol.44, No.4, pp. 1048-1057.
[8] Eikvil, L., Aas, K., Koren, H.. Tools for interactive map conversion and vectorization. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, vol. 2, 1995, pp. 927-930.
[9] Khotanzad, A., Zink, E.,Contour line and geographic feature extraction from USGS color topographical paper maps. IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, Vol.25, No.1, pp. 18-31.
[10] Pouderoux, J., Spinello, S.,Global Contour Lines Reconstruction in Topographic Maps. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007) .Vol. 2, pp. 779-783.
[11] Chessel, A., Fablet, R., Cao, F., Kervrann, C., Orientation Interpolation and Applications. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 8-11 Oct. 2006 Atlanta, GA., pp. 1561-1564.
[12] Debora, G., Petia, R.,Extending anisotropic operators to recover smooth shapes. Computer Vision and Image Understanding archive,Vol. 99,No.1,pp.110-125.
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Published
2009-10-01
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[1]
“Extracting contour lines from topographic maps based on cartography and graphics knowledge”, JCS&T, vol. 9, no. 02, pp. p. 58–64, Oct. 2009, Accessed: Feb. 08, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://journal.info.unlp.edu.ar/JCST/article/view/718
