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Reversible Data Hiding Exploiting Variance in Wavelet Coefficients
Keywords:
Reversibility, Marked media, Wavelet transform, Wavelet coefficient, Distortion, HistogramAbstract
In this paper, we present a new reversible data hiding scheme that utilizes the wavelet transform and better exploits the large wavelet coefficient variance to achieve high capacity and imperceptible embedding. Our scheme differs from those of previous studies in that the wavelet coefficients histogram rather than the gray-level histogram is manipulated. In addition, we design intelligent histogram-shifting rules to avoid the decimal problem in grayscale pixel values after recovery process to achieve reversibility. Small changes in the wavelet coefficients after embedding process are important factors contributing to low visual distortion in the marked image. Furthermore, an important property of our scheme is that the use of threshold differs greatly from previous schemes. The experimental results show that our scheme outperforms other reversible data hiding schemes.
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References
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[13] M.U. Celik, G. Sharma, and A.M. Tekalp, “Reversible data hiding”, Proc. IEEE International Conf. on Image Processing, Rochester, NY, pp.157–160, 2002.
[14] M.U. Celik, G. Sharma, A.M. Tekalp, and E. Saber, “Lossless generalized-LSB data embedding”, IEEE Trans. on Image Proc. vol.14, no.2, pp.253–266, February 2005.
[15] Z. Ni, Y.Q. Shi, N. Ansari, and W. Su, “Reversible data hiding”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology vol.16, no.3, pp.354–362, March 2006.
[16] J. Hwang, J.W. Kim, and J.U. Choi, “A reversible watermarking based on histogram shifting”, International Workshop on Digital Watermarking, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Jeju Island, Korea, vol.4283, pp.348–361, 2006.
[17] W.-C. Kuo, D.-J. Jiang, and Y.-C. Huang, “Reversible data hiding based on histogram”, International Conf. on Intelligent Computing, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Springer-Verlag, Qing Dao, China, vol.4682, pp.1152–1161, 2007.
[18] K.-S. Kim, M.-J. Lee, H.-Y. Lee, and H.-K. Lee, “Reversible data hiding exploiting spatial correlation between sub-sampled images”, Pattern Recognition, vol.42, pp.3083-3096, 2009.
[19] X.-R. Luo, C.-H. Jerry Lin, and T.-L. Yin, “Reversible data hiding based on two-level HDWT coefficient histograms”, Advanced Computing: An International Journal, vol.2, no.1, pp.1-16, January 2011.
[2] M. Awrangjeb, “An overview of reversible data hiding”, Proc. Sixth International Conf. on Computer and Information Technology, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh, pp. 75–79, December 2003.
[3] J. Fridrich, M. Goljan, and R. Du, “Distortion-free data embedding”, Proc. 4th Information Hiding Workshop, New York, vol.2137, pp.27–41, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2001.
[4] J. Fridrich, M. Goljan, and R. Du, “Lossless data embedding—new paradigm in digital watermarking”, EURASIP J. Appl. Signal Process. vol.2, pp.185–196, 2002.
[5] G.. Xuan, Y.Q. Shi, J. Chen, J. Zhu, and Z. Ni, W. Su, “Lossless data hiding based on integer wavelet transform”, IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, USA, December 9-11, 2002.
[6] J. Tian, “Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion”, IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology vol.13, no.8, pp.890–896, 2003.
[7] A.M. Alattar, “Reversible watermark using difference expansion of triplets”, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, vol.1, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 501–504, September 2003.
[8] A.M. Alattar, “Reversible watermark using difference expansion of quads”, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Montreal, Canada, vol.3, pp.377–380, May 2004.
[9] L. Kamstra and H.J.A.M. Heijmans, “Wavelet techniques for reversible data embedding into images”, Centrum voorWiskunde en Informatica Rep. August 2004.
[10] L. Kamstra and H.J.A.M. Heijmans, “Reversible data embedding into images using wavelet techniques and sorting”, IEEE Trans. on Image Processing vol.14, no.12, pp.2082–2090, December 2005.
[11] D.M. Thodi, J.J. Rodriguez, “Expansion embedding techniques for reversible watermarking”, IEEE Trans. on Image Processing vol.16, no.3, pp.721–730, 2007.
[12] J. Fridrich, M. Goljan, and R. Du, “Invertible authentication”, Proc. of the SPIE, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, vol.4314, San Jose, CA, pp.197–208, January 2001.
[13] M.U. Celik, G. Sharma, and A.M. Tekalp, “Reversible data hiding”, Proc. IEEE International Conf. on Image Processing, Rochester, NY, pp.157–160, 2002.
[14] M.U. Celik, G. Sharma, A.M. Tekalp, and E. Saber, “Lossless generalized-LSB data embedding”, IEEE Trans. on Image Proc. vol.14, no.2, pp.253–266, February 2005.
[15] Z. Ni, Y.Q. Shi, N. Ansari, and W. Su, “Reversible data hiding”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology vol.16, no.3, pp.354–362, March 2006.
[16] J. Hwang, J.W. Kim, and J.U. Choi, “A reversible watermarking based on histogram shifting”, International Workshop on Digital Watermarking, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Jeju Island, Korea, vol.4283, pp.348–361, 2006.
[17] W.-C. Kuo, D.-J. Jiang, and Y.-C. Huang, “Reversible data hiding based on histogram”, International Conf. on Intelligent Computing, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Springer-Verlag, Qing Dao, China, vol.4682, pp.1152–1161, 2007.
[18] K.-S. Kim, M.-J. Lee, H.-Y. Lee, and H.-K. Lee, “Reversible data hiding exploiting spatial correlation between sub-sampled images”, Pattern Recognition, vol.42, pp.3083-3096, 2009.
[19] X.-R. Luo, C.-H. Jerry Lin, and T.-L. Yin, “Reversible data hiding based on two-level HDWT coefficient histograms”, Advanced Computing: An International Journal, vol.2, no.1, pp.1-16, January 2011.
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Published
2011-04-01
How to Cite
Luo, X.-R., & Yin, T.-L. (2011). Reversible Data Hiding Exploiting Variance in Wavelet Coefficients. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 11(01), p. 27–33. Retrieved from https://journal.info.unlp.edu.ar/JCST/article/view/685
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