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Implementation and Evaluation of Protocols Translating. Methods for IPv4 to IPv6 Transition
Keywords:
Internet, IPv6 Protocol, Transition Methods, ALG, NAT64, ISPAbstract
Today millions of computers are interconnected using the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and can not switch to the new version, IPv6, simultaneously. For this reason the IETF has defined a number of mechanisms for transitioning to the new protocol in a progressively and controlled manner. On the other hand, Internet Service Providers (ISP) will not have new IPv4 global addresses to offer in the near future due to the fact that these addresses will be exhausted. A very interesting alternative for ISPs is to use IPv6 global addresses and, by some transitional method, access the current IPv4 backbone. This study aims to compare two methods of transparent access to the IPv4 Internet backbone, from networks that are "IPv6 only". To make the comparison, a software was developed, implementing an Application Layer Gateway (ALG), and Ecdysis was used to implement NAT64. Both trials used a network IPv6 Test Bed. This paper details the design principles and fundamental aspects of the ALG implementation, as well as the implementation of NAT64. Finally, we present the tests performed and conclusions drawn on the test platform.
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References
[1] Informe LACNIC, “Distribuciones /Asignaciones IPv4, espacio disponible y pronósticos (Report March 2011 – updated April 2011)”, http://www.lacnic.net/sp/registro/espacio-disponible-ipv4.html, [last visit: 14/07/2011]
[2] D. Giusto, A. Iera, G. Morabito, L. Atzori (Eds.), The Internet of Things, Springer (2010) ISBN: 978-1-4419-1673-0
[3] S. Deering y R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification," RFC 2460, December 1998
[4] J. Palet, “Cómo es la transición?”, http://portalipv6.lacnic.net/es/ipv6/novedades/ c-mo-es-la-transición [last visit: 14/07/2011]
[5] ¿Quienes están implementando IPv6 en la Región?, http://portalipv6.lacnic.net/es/quienes-est-n-implementando-ipv6-en-la-regi-n [last visit: 12/11/2011]
[6] E. Nordmark Stateless IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm (SIIT) RFC 2765, February 2000
[7] G. Tsirtsis, P. Srisuresh, “Network Address Translation - Protocol Translation (NAT-PT)”,RFC 2766, February 2000
[8] K. Tsuchiya, H. Higuchi, Y. Atarashi, “Dual Stack Hosts using the "Bump-In-the-Stack" Technique (BIS)”, RFC 2767, February 2000
[9] S. Lee, M-K. Shin, Y-J. Kim, E. Nordmark, A. Duran, “Dual Stack Hosts Using "Bump-in-the- API" (BIA)”, RFC 3338, October 2002
[10] J. Hagino, K. Yamamoto, “An IPv6-to-IPv4 Transport Relay Translator”, RFC 3142, June 2001
[11] M. Bagnulo, P. Matthews, I. van Beijnum, “Stateful NAT64: Network Address and Protocol Translation from IPv6 Clients to IPv4 Servers”, RFC 6146, April 2011
[12] M. Bagnulo, A. Sullivan, P. Matthews, I. van Beijnum,” DNS64: DNS Extensions for Network Address Translation from IPv6 Clients to IPv4 Servers”, RFC 6147, April 2011
[13] C. Aoun, E. Davies, "Reasons to Move the Network Address Translator - Protocol Translator (NAT-PT) to Historic Status", RFC 4966, July 2007
[14] C. Bao, C. Huitema, M. Bagnulo, M. Boucadair, X. Li, "IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators", RFC 6052, October 2010
[15] Ecdysis: open-source implementation of a NAT64 gateway - http://ecdysis.viagenie.ca/[last visit: 14/07/2011]
[16] Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool - http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/ programs/ab.html [last visit: 14/07/2011]
[17] R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, H. Frystyk, L. Masinter, P. Leach, T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC: 2616, June 1999
[2] D. Giusto, A. Iera, G. Morabito, L. Atzori (Eds.), The Internet of Things, Springer (2010) ISBN: 978-1-4419-1673-0
[3] S. Deering y R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification," RFC 2460, December 1998
[4] J. Palet, “Cómo es la transición?”, http://portalipv6.lacnic.net/es/ipv6/novedades/ c-mo-es-la-transición [last visit: 14/07/2011]
[5] ¿Quienes están implementando IPv6 en la Región?, http://portalipv6.lacnic.net/es/quienes-est-n-implementando-ipv6-en-la-regi-n [last visit: 12/11/2011]
[6] E. Nordmark Stateless IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm (SIIT) RFC 2765, February 2000
[7] G. Tsirtsis, P. Srisuresh, “Network Address Translation - Protocol Translation (NAT-PT)”,RFC 2766, February 2000
[8] K. Tsuchiya, H. Higuchi, Y. Atarashi, “Dual Stack Hosts using the "Bump-In-the-Stack" Technique (BIS)”, RFC 2767, February 2000
[9] S. Lee, M-K. Shin, Y-J. Kim, E. Nordmark, A. Duran, “Dual Stack Hosts Using "Bump-in-the- API" (BIA)”, RFC 3338, October 2002
[10] J. Hagino, K. Yamamoto, “An IPv6-to-IPv4 Transport Relay Translator”, RFC 3142, June 2001
[11] M. Bagnulo, P. Matthews, I. van Beijnum, “Stateful NAT64: Network Address and Protocol Translation from IPv6 Clients to IPv4 Servers”, RFC 6146, April 2011
[12] M. Bagnulo, A. Sullivan, P. Matthews, I. van Beijnum,” DNS64: DNS Extensions for Network Address Translation from IPv6 Clients to IPv4 Servers”, RFC 6147, April 2011
[13] C. Aoun, E. Davies, "Reasons to Move the Network Address Translator - Protocol Translator (NAT-PT) to Historic Status", RFC 4966, July 2007
[14] C. Bao, C. Huitema, M. Bagnulo, M. Boucadair, X. Li, "IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators", RFC 6052, October 2010
[15] Ecdysis: open-source implementation of a NAT64 gateway - http://ecdysis.viagenie.ca/[last visit: 14/07/2011]
[16] Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool - http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/ programs/ab.html [last visit: 14/07/2011]
[17] R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, H. Frystyk, L. Masinter, P. Leach, T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC: 2616, June 1999
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Published
2012-08-01
How to Cite
Pérez Monte, C., Robles, M. I., Mercado, G., Taffernaberry, J. C., Orbiscay, M., Tobar, S., Moralejo, R. O., & Pérez, S. (2012). Implementation and Evaluation of Protocols Translating. Methods for IPv4 to IPv6 Transition. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 12(02), p. 64–70. Retrieved from https://journal.info.unlp.edu.ar/JCST/article/view/654
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